BMP and CMP on the NCLEX
Basic and comprehensive metabolic panels: what's in each, what to scan for.
BMP and CMP are the most-ordered labs. Quick scan tells you a lot.
BMP includes
Sodium, potassium, chloride, CO2, BUN, creatinine, glucose, calcium (8 components).
CMP adds
Albumin, total protein, AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin (liver function and proteins).
Scan pattern
Electrolytes (Na, K, Cl, CO2) → renal (BUN, Cr) → glucose → calcium → liver if CMP. Look for trends, single values less useful than direction over time.
BUN/Cr ratio
>20:1 suggests pre-renal (dehydration). ~10:1 normal. <10:1 in intrinsic renal disease or low protein intake.
Frequently asked
Fasting required?
Glucose ideally fasting. Lipid panel fasting historically; less strict now. Other components don't require fasting.
Hemolysis affects?
Falsely high K+ (cells release K+). Repeat if suspicious.
Quick check
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