Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): NCLEX Priorities
CKD stages, dialysis indications, anemia, mineral bone disease, ACE/ARB protection.
CKD is progressive loss of kidney function. NCLEX tests staging, complications, and conservative management.
Stages by GFR
G1 ≥90 (normal but with damage), G2 60-89, G3a 45-59, G3b 30-44, G4 15-29, G5 <15 (end-stage).
Complications
Anemia (erythropoietin deficiency), ESA + iron. Mineral bone disease, phosphate binders (sevelamer, calcium acetate), vitamin D, calcimimetics. Hyperkalemia, diet, K+ binders, diuretics.
Kidney protection
ACE inhibitor or ARB in proteinuria. SGLT2 inhibitor (regardless of diabetes status). BP control. Glycemic control. Avoid nephrotoxins.
Renal replacement
Hemodialysis (most common, 3×/week center-based). Peritoneal dialysis. Kidney transplant.
Frequently asked
When to refer to nephrology?
GFR <30, rapid decline, or unclear cause. Earlier better for transplant prep.
Diet in CKD?
Limit protein (controversial degree), phosphate, potassium, sodium. Individualized.
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